A convolutional neural network is a type of neural network specialized for processing grid-like data such as images, using filters that slide across the input to detect local patterns like edges, textures, and shapes. CNNs revolutionized image recognition: they power facial recognition on phones, quality inspection in factories, and medical image analysis. A Moroccan hospital can use a CNN to screen chest X-rays for tuberculosis, achieving speed and accuracy that complement radiologists rather than replacing them.